Electroconductive sheet material and process of preparation

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a sheet material with electrically conducting properties for use in electrographic printing wherein a water soluble conductive substance comprising at least one member of a class of polymers formed by the reaction of a 1,4dihaloalkene-2 compound and an aliphatic di(tertiary amine) is applied to the sheet material to give a weight ratio in the range of 1:1 to 500:1. This sheet material is then treated further with conventional adjuncts such as film forming resins, pigmented resins, photoconductive compositions, etc.

United States Patent [191 Markhart et al.

[ June 3, 1975 ELECTROCONDUCTIVE SHEET MATERIAL AND PROCESS OF PREPARATION [75] Inventors: Albert H. Markhart, Wilbraham;

James O. Santer, East Longmeadow, both of Mass.

[73] Assignee: Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo.

[22] Filed: May 12, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 252,560

[52] US. Cl... 428/342; 260/89.7 N; 260/91.3 PV; 260/91.7; 96/1.5; 428/514 51 Int. Cl D2lh 1/38 [58] Field of Search 117/155 UA, 201; 260/91.3 PV, 91.7, 89.7 N

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10/1941 Ritter 260/570 8/1967 Geyer 1. 117/201 X 3,371,116 2/1968 Nordgren et a1 260/567.6 3,619,284 11/1971 Chaudhuri et a1. 117/201 3,673,164 6/1972 Jones et a1 117/201 X Primary Examiner-Michael R. Lusignan Attorney, Agent, or FirmR. B1. Blance; E. P. Grattan; J. C. Logomasini [5 7] ABSTRACT resins, pigmented resins, photoconductive compositions, etc.

11 Claims, No Drawings ll ELECTROCONDUCTIVE SHEET MATERIAL AND PROCESS OF PREPARATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sheet material for use in the electrographic printing wherein the sheet material is prepared by treatment with a water-soluble conductive substance. More particularly, it relates to sheet materials with electroconductive water-soluble quaternary resin comprising at least one member of the group of polymers having recurring units of the general formula:

wherein:

l. X is a halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine;

2. A is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of 1,4-butene-2-yl and 1,4-cyclopentene- 2-yl radicals optionally substituted with chloro, methyl or ethyl radicals;

3. N is a nitrogen atom;

4. R is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene, xylylene and saturated and unsaturated alkylene radicals of two to six carbon atoms optionally substituted with methyl and hydroxyl radicals;

. Y is a radical selected from the group consisting of C to C alkyl, C to C hydroxyalkyl, and when R is an ethylene radical, methylene so that the Y radicals form an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms connected by R;

6. Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of C to C alkyl, C, to C hydroxyalkyl, and when R is an ethylene radical, methylene so that the Z radicals form an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms connected by R; and

7. The resin degree of polymerization is such that the resin has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.05 in 2 percent aqueous sodium chloride at 25C.

II. The Prior Art Electrographic printing processes require composite sheet materials comprising an electrically insulating layer on an electrically conductive layer. The electrically conductive layer should possess a surface resistivity of no more than about 1 X to l X 10 ohms over a relative humidity range of about to 80 percent in order to be useful. During the printing process, the sheet material is grounded by placing it on a grounded electrical conductor so that, in effect, the lower surface of the electrically insulating layer is grounded to the conductor on which the sheet material rests, through the electrically conductive layer. The requirement of good electrical conductivity in the conductive layer is a source of major difficulty in securing uniformly satisfactory performance with dielectric and photoconductive reproduction papers under different climatic conditions of humidity and temperature. Much effort has been expended to develop a conductive sheet material LII which will exhibit a high degree of electroconductivity under varying environmental conditions of temperature, relative humidity, sheet moisture, etc., as well as under the varying operating conditions which are encountered from one copying process and machine to the next.

Various means have been described for increasing the conductivity of sheet material which is used in dielectric and photoconductive printing processes. Such means, while representing valuable contributions to the art, have certain drawbacks which detract from their overall usefulness. These drawbacks include loss of conductivity under conditions of varying humidity, poor aging properties, poor hold-out against solvent based resins used to coat the sheet material, migration of the conductive material in the sheet, difficulty of preparation, undesirable odors, etc.

Polyvinyl alcohol provides a particularly effective treatment for solvent hold-out. Unfortunately, none of the presently available electroconductive resins is compatible with polyvinyl alcohol. Incompatibility is shown inter alia by a pronounced decrease in conductivity when the electroconductive resin is blended with the polyvinyl alcohol and applied to the sheet material.

A definite need exists for a water soluble conductive material for treating sheet material used in dielectric and photoconductive printing processes which will maintain a high electroconductivity under widely varying conditions of temperature and humidity. A further need exists for an electroconductive material which will be compatible with polyvinyl alcohol and other pa per-making additives. A further need exists for an eas ily prepared water soluble electroconductive material which can be used to treat sheet material used in dielectric and photoconductive processes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned needs in the prior art are fulfilled by the present invention which provides a new class of electroconductive resin for treatment of sheet material to be used in dielectric and photoconductive printing processes. The class of resins contain recurring units of the general formula:

wherein:

l. X is a halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine;

2. A is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of l,4butene-2-yl and l,4-cyclopentene- 2-yl radicals optionally substituted with chloro, methyl or ethyl radicals;

3. N is a nitrogen atom;

4. R is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene, xylylene and saturated and unsaturated alkylene radicals of two to six carbon atoms optionally substituted with methyl and hydroxyl radicals;

5. Y is a radical selected from the group consisting of C to C alkyl, C, to C hydroxyalkyl, and when R is an ethylene radical, methylene so that the Y radicals form an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms connected by R; 6. Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of C to C alkyl, C to C hydroxyalkyl, and when R is an ethylene radical, methylene so that the Z radicals form an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms connected by R; and

7. The resin degree of polymerization is such that the resin has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.05 in 2 percent aqueous sodium chloride at 25C. The molecular weight of the resins is such that the intrinsic viscosity measured in 2 percent aqueous sodium chloride is at least 0.05. Thus, when R is ethylene and Y and Z are methylene the recurring units have the general formula:

Cll

and Y and Z are methyl, the recurring units have the general formula:

The preparation of the resins is conveniently carried out in aqueous or organic solvent medium by a onestep reaction to yield the conductive resin without the concomitant formation of inorganic acid or inorganic salt. The reactants comprise a 1,4-dihaloalkene-2 compound and a di(tertiary amine). The di(tertiary amine) may be replaced in part with a poly(tertiary amine) to effect molecular weight buildup and chain branching of the resin.

The resins are applied as an aqueous or solvent solution or dispersion by conventional coating methods to the sheet material to give a weight ratio of resin to sheet material in the range of 1:1 to 1:100. The resins can be blended with polyvinyl alcohol and applied to the sheet material to obtain solvent hold out without substantial loss in conductivity.

THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The electroconductive resins used in the present invention are prepared by reaction of a 1,4-dihaloalkene- 2 with a di(tertiary amine) to form a quaternary ammonium polymer.

The 1,4-dihaloalkene-2 can be a linear alkene of four to six carbons optionally with methyl or chloro substituents, or a cyclopentene with methyl or chloro substituents. Examples of such 1,4-dihaloalkenes include 1,4- dichlorobutene-2; 1,4-dibromobutene-2; 1,2,4- trichlorobutene-2; l,4-dibromo-2-chlorobutene-2; 1,4 dichloro-2-methylbutene-2; 1,4-dibromo-2- methylbutene-2; l ,4-dichloropentene-2; l ,4- dibromopentene-Z; 1,4-dibromopentene-2; 1,4- dichlorohexene-Z; l,4-dibromohexene-2; l,4-dichlorocyclopentene-2 and 1,4-dibromocyclopentene-2. These l,4-dihaloalkene-2 compounds are conveniently prepared by the thermodynamically controlled addition of halogen to the corresponding alkadiene.

The di(tertiary amines) have the general formula:

wherein N represents nitrogen, R is a phenylene radical, a xylylene radical or a divalent saturated or unsaturated alkylene radical of 2 to 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted with methyl or hydroxyl substituents, Y is an alkyl radical of one to four carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical of one to four carbon atoms, or a methylene radical when R is an ethylene radical, so that the Y radicals form an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms, and Z is an alkyl radical of one to four carbon atoms, or ahydroxyalkyl radical of one to four carbon atoms, or a methylene radical when R is an ethylene radical, so that the Z radicals form an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms. Examples of such di(tertiary amines) include N,N,N,N-tetramethyl ethylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl piperazine, triethylenediamine, N,N,N,N'-tetramethyl hexylenediamine, N,N,N,N'-tetrabutyl ethylenediamine, N,N,N,N- tetrakis(hydroxyethyl) ethylene-diamine, 1,3- bis(dimethylamin0)-2-hydroxypropane, and N,N,N ,N-tetramethyl p-xylylenediamine.

A convenient method of preparing di(tertiary amines) exists in the reaction of secondary amines with l,4-dihaloalkene-2-compounds. Secondary amines of general formula R R Nl-l are used, wherein R and R are C to C alkyl and hydroxyalkyl radicals. The preferred secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, diethanolamine and piperidine. The reaction is exemplified by the following scheme:

1 NH ClCI-I CH CH-CH CI a- N CHZ-CI-FCH-CHZ-N 2 RC1 is preferred to use a water soluble di(tertiary amine) such as N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl ethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylpiperazine, triethylenediamine or l,3- bis(dimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropane.

In the preparation of the quaternary ammonium polymers of the present invention, a quantity of di(ter' tiary amine) is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent and the substantially equimolar amount of 1,4- dihaloalkene-2 is added. Alternatively, a dispersion or solution of l,4-dihaloalkene is prepared and the substantially equimolar amount of di(tertiary amine) is added. The reaction is carried out at a temperature between 25 and 100C. At the lower temperatures, the reaction tends to be sluggish. At the higher temperatures, excessive color forms in the reaction medium. Consequently, it is preferred to carry out the reaction at a temperature in the range of 35 to 60C. so that a reasonable rate of reaction is obtained without excessive color formation.

Any liquid which is not appreciably reactive to the dihaloalkene or the di(tertiary amine) may be selected as the reaction medium. A dispersion of quaternary ammonium polymer is formed by the reaction and the dispersion may be applied to a base sheet to render it electroconductive. Alternatively, the quaternary arnmonium polymer can be recovered by evaporation of the liquid reaction medium. It can then be dispersed or dissolved in water and applied to the base sheet. The preferred reaction medium is selected from the group consisting of water and the alkanols containing one to three carbon atoms. A particularly preferred mediuum is water since is is non-flammable, non-toxic and allows the electroconductive resin to be applied readily to cellulose sheet materials.

When the reaction is carried out in water, the di(tertiary amine) is dissolved or dispersed in a sufficient quantity of water and the dihaloalkene which is insoluble in water is added at a rate to maintain the reaction medium at the desired temperature. Vigorous agitation aids dispersion and increases the rate of reaction. Stirring is continued after the dihaloalkene has been added, until the reaction is complete as gauged by the disappearance of the second phase. Usually, two to four hours at 35 to 60C. is sufficient.

Surprisingly, although the l,4-dihaloalkene'2 compounds are readily hydrolyzed by water to yield alkenediols, the hydrolysis reaction does not interfere appreciably with the reaction between the amine and 1,4- dihaloalkene-2 since there is little impairment in molecular weight of the reaction product from aqueous medium compared with the reaction product from anhydrous alcohol medium. However, it is preferred to add the dihaloalkene to the aqueous solution of di(tertiary amine) rather than to add the di(tertiary amine) to an aqueous dispersion of dihaloalkene so that hydrolysis is minimized.

When reaction is carried out in alcohol solution, a one phase reaction medium is obtained. Stirring is used to disperse the reactants as they are added. The reaction rate, however, is much less dependent on stirring rate. The resin can be applied to a base sheet as an alcohol solution or it can be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. It can then be dissolved in water.

The quantities of reactants and solvent are selected to give a resin content in the final solution in the range 0f to 90 percent. At low concentrations, the molecular weight of the polymer produced by this step-wise reaction tends to be low particularly when the reaction is carried out in water. At high concentrations, excessive viscosity impedes stirring and mixing. Hence, it is preferred to carry out the reaction initially at high concentration with addition of water during the reaction so that the resin content in the final solution is in the range of 30 to percent.

The di(tertiary amine) may be replaced in part or completely with a poly(tertiary amine) to yield products comprising resins ranging from those with a branched molecular structure to those with a highly crosslinked network structure. Preferred poly(tertiary amines) include N-alkyl polyalkylene polyamines such as N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyl diethylenetriamine and N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyl dihexylenetriamine, hexamethylene-tetramine, 2,4,6- tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, poly (N-methyl ethylenimine) and poly(N-hydroxyethyl ethylenimine).

In the application of the electroconductive resin to the sheet material, the resin can be incorporated on or with the sheet material by coating, dipping, brushing, calendering or other conventional means. Preferably, an aqueous solution or dispersion of the resin is applied and thereafter the sheet material is dried in the usual way in an oven or on calender rolls. The term sheet material or paper includes cellulosic and synthetic fiber sheet material upon which images may be recorded.

The proportion of electoconductive polymer can be varied in amount from I to 500 parts per 500 parts of sheet material depending on the basis weight of the sheet. Where the electroconductive resin is incorporated with the sheet material by coating, a coating weight up to 15 pounds per 3,000 square feet of base sheet is employed. Preferably, the coating weight is between 0.5 and 3.5 pounds per 3,000 square feet since below 0.5 pounds, the conductivity is inadequate and above 3.5 pounds, little further increase in conductivity is observed. The amount of polymer to be incorporated with the sheet material can be varied by selection of a suitable molecular weight and concentration of the polymer in the aqueous solution. The polymer is preferably applied as a continuous surface coating for optimum conductivity. The molecular weight must be adequate for formation of a coherent film. Such coherence is associated with an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.05 in 2 percent sodium chloride at 25C.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electroconductive resin is the adduct of 1,4- dichlorobutene-2 and triethylenediamine. Electroconductive sheet materials which incorporate this polymer adduct exhibit an exceptionally stable conductivity over a wide range of humidity. Adducts of 1,4- dichlorobutene-2 and blends of triethylenediamine and other di(tertiary amine) containing as little as 10 weight percent of triethylenediamine also show stability of conductivity over a wide range of humidity.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the electroconductive resin is the adduct of 1,4- dichlorobutene-2 and l,3-bis(trimethylamino)-2- hydroxypropane. In this case, the low cost of the di(tertiary amine) contributes to an economical conductive treatment of the sheet material.

In the preparation of electrographic printing papers such as dielectric papers or photoconductive papers, it is conventional to apply a topcoat of an organic solution or dispersion of an insulating resin to the electroconductive sheet material. The organic solution tends to sink into the electroconductive sheet material especially when the electroconductive resin is present as a light coating so that the dielectric or charge retention properties of the topcoat are impaired. In order to prevent this, it is conventional to formulate the electroconductive resin with a solvent hold-out resin so that the electroconductive sheet material becomes nonabsorbent to the subsequently applied organic solution. or dispersion, and also non-absorbent to the solvent of liquid toner systems. A preferred solvent hold-out resin is poly(vinyl alcohol). The electroconductive quaternary ammonium polymers used hitherto have been characterized by their incompatibility with poly(vinyl alcohol). The incompatibility is manifested by stringing and gelling when aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) and quaternary ammonium polymer are combined, or by phase separation of the combined solutions so that a non-uniform film is deposited when the sheet material is coated with a blend of poly( vinyl alcohol) and quaternary ammonium polymer and the electroconductive properties are substantially impaired. Surprisingly, the quaternary ammonium polymers of the present invention have been found to be exceptionally compatible with poly(vinyl alcohol). Blends of aqueous solutions of the polymers of the present invention and poly(vinyl alcohol) show no stringiness, gelling, or phase separation and the coatings of such blends applied to the sheet material provide adequate conductivity to the sheet for electrographic printing processes. Blends containing up to 1 part of poly(vinyl alcohol) to 1 part of electroconductive resin are used for improved solvent hold out. The poly(vinyl alcohol) is the product of hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) and may contain a residual vinyl acetate content in the range of 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent. The

A reaction vessel, equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel and thermometer is charged with 308 parts, 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2- hydroxypropane and 594 parts water. To the stirred solution, 263 parts of l,3-dichlorobutene-2 is added over a 90 minute period. The batch temperature is allowed to rise from 31C. to 51C. during the addition.

The intrinsic viscosity measured at 25C. in a 2 percent aqueous solution of sodium chloride is 0.095.

Examples 2 through 9 The procedure of Example I is used to produce a series of electroconductive resins. In each case, the 1,4-

dihaloalkene-Z is reacted with the substantially equimolar amount of di(tertiary amine) at a temperature in the range of 30 to 60C. The term substantially equimolar is used to indicate that slight departures from the exact equimolar proportions of reactants are permissible to compensate for minor amounts of impurities in the reactants, such departures being limited by the re quirement that the intrinsic viscosity of the resin produced measured in 2 percent sodium chloride solution at 25C. be at least 0.05.

TABLE I PREPARATION OF ELECTROCONDUCTIVE RESINS Example l,4'Dihaloalkene-2 Di(tertiary amine) Solvent Resin Solution 2 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 triethylenediamine H O clear, viscous 3 l,4-dibromobutene-2 N,N.N',N-tetramethyl H O clear, viscous ethylcncdiamine 4 l,4-dichlorocyclopentene-Z N,N'-dimethylpiperazine H O clear, viscous 5 l,4-dichloropentcne-2 N,N,N,N'-tetrakis H O clear, viscous (hyd roxyethyl) ethylene diaminc 6 1,4-dichlorobutcne-2 l,3-bis(dimethyl- MeOH clear, viscous amino) Z-hydroxypropanc 7 1,4-dichl0ro-Z-methyl- N,N,N N'-tetramethyl MeOl-l clear, viscous butene-2 hexylenediumine 8 l.4 dichlorohcxene2 N,N,N',N-tetrabutyl MeOI-I clear, viscous ethylenediamine 9 l,4-dichlorobutene-2 N,N,N,N'tetramethyl PrOH clear, viscous para-xylylene diaminc molecular weight of the poly (vinyl alcohol) may range Example 10 from 2,000 to 500,000.

The following examples are set forth in illustration of this invention and should not be construed as limitations thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are given in terms of parts by weight. Addon is the increase in weight of a ream of paper by addi' tion of resin and adjuncts and is expressed as pounds per 3,000 square feet.

PART A PREPARATION OF RESINS Example 1 Reaction Product of l,3 -Bis(dimethylamino)-2- hydroxypropane and 1,4-Dichlorobutene-2 with the temperature held below 45C. Stirring is continued for 45 minutes. An additional 160 parts of water is added. A clear, yellow solution is obtained. The solids content is 46.3 percent. The viscosity is 2740 cps at 25C.

Example 1 1 This Example is set forth to show the preparation of an electroconductive resin by reaction of diethylamine and 1,4-dichlorobutene-2.

292 Parts of diethylamine are dissolved in 200 parts of ethanol and chilled in an ice bath. 125 Parts of 1,4- dichlorobutene-2 in 125 parts of ethanol are added dropwise with stirring. The ice bath is removed. As the solution warms to room temperature, a precipitate of diethylamine hydrochloride forms. Stirring is continued overnight, after which the reaction is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. Vacuum distillation of the crude product gives the desired Et NCH CH=CHCH NEt (picrate m. 164-167; lit. m. equals 154-l55C.).

51 Parts of this amine are dissolved in ethanol and 32 parts of 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 are added with stirring until a clear solution forms. Ethanol is removed and the residue is dissolved in water and filtered.

Example 12 175 Parts of CN-CHZ CH=CHCH -NC are prepared from piperidine and 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 by the same technique as in Example 1 1 above, and are dissolved in approximately 400 parts of benzene. 98.5 Parts of 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 are added dropwise. The benzene solution is maintained at 50C., whereupon a white precipitate forms. After 18 hours at 50C., the precipitate is filtered, washed with benzene, and dried. 210 Parts of a sticky white powder are obtained. The powder is dissolved in water.

PART B FORMULATION OF ELECTROCONDUCTIVE RESINS Example 13 This Example is set forth to demonstrate the formulation of a solvent hold-out composition containing electroconductive resin and poly(vinyl alcohol).

Ten parts of a poly(vinyl alcohol) characterized by a 4 percent aqueous solution viscosity of cps at 20C. and by a residual vinyl acetate content of 20 percent are dissolved in 48 parts of water. A solution of 22.2 parts of a 45 percent aqueous solution of an electroconductive resin reaction product of 1,4- dichl0robutene-2 and 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2- hydroxypropane, of 300 cps viscosity at 25C. is prepared. The solution of electroconductive resin is added to the poly(vinyl alcohol) solution with stirring. A clear stable solution containing 25 percent solids is obtained. No phase separation occurs during a period of more than one month.

EXAMPLES l4 and 15 Following the procedure of Example 13. aqueous dispersions of electroconductive resin and hold-out resin are prepared.

Example 14 is obtained by blending the electroconductive resin of Example 1 with Gelva Emulsion TS-30, a polyvinyl acetate emulsion produced by Monsanto Company, of average particle size 0.5 micron containing polymer of number average molecular weight in the range of 40,000 to 80,000. The blend ratio is 1:1 at a solids content of 45 percent.

Example 15 is obtained by blending the electroconductive resin of Example 2 with Penford Gum 260, a hydroxyethyl ether derivative of corn starch of intermediate viscosity, produced by Penick and Ford Ltd. Inc. The blend ratio is 1:1 at a solids content of 25 percent.

PART C EVALUATION OF ELECTROCONDUCTIVE SHEET MATERIAL Example 16 A series of experiments is carried out to determine the surface resistivity of electroconductive papers.

In each of the series of experiments, a sheet of bleached sulfite base paper of basis weight 35 pounds per ream, sized on one side, is coated on the wire or felt side with a layer of an aqueous solution of electroconductive resin, the concentration of which is adjusted to give a viscosity in the range of 50 to 500 cps and an add-on in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 pounds per 3,000 square feet. Coating is effected with the wire wound rod appropriate to the desired add-on. The coating is dried on a drum drier at C. for a period of 3 minutes. The coated paper is weighed to determine the add-on.

Test pieces are cut from the coated paper. They are conditioned in air for at least 24 hours at 25C. and the requisite relative humidity. They are tested for surface resitivity by a procedure substantially like that described in Standard Methods of Test for Insulation Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials, ASTM designation D-257-66. A Keithley Model 6105 Resistivity Adapter coupled with a Cenco High Voltage DC Power supply providing a regulated DC voltage accurate to i 1 percent is used to determine the resistivity. The excitation voltage is 200 volts. Paper samples are conditioned at the required humidity level for at least 24 hours before surface resistivities are determined. Duplicate determinations are made.

Solvent hold-out is determined by the tentative test procedure developed by Tappi CA1 on paper conditioned at 50 percent relative: humidity and 72F. for 24 hours. The two test solutions contain 4g. of Cyanamid Calco Oil Blue W dye per liter, respectively, of toluene and Isopar G, a saturated hydrocarbon solvent supplied by Humble Oil Co.

TABLE II SURFACE RESISTIVITIES OF ELECTROCONDUCT IVE PAPERS r 1 1 TABLE lI-Continued SURFACE RESlSTlVlTlES OF ELECT ROCONDUCTIVE PAPERS Resin Add-on, pounds Example per 3,000 square Surface Resistivity. ohms No. feet 20% RH 50% RH "T? 1,71 2.0x 10" l.5 l 14 2.58 7.5 X 1.4 X 10* L52 1 2 X l0 EXAMPLE l7 A series of experiments is carried out to determine the effectiveness of the electroconductive coatings for hold-out of organic solvent. The resins identified in Table III are applied to Weyerhauser size pressed paper stock with the wire wound rod appropriate to the Clesired add-on. A series of coatings containing the resins of Examples 1 and 2, and formulated resins of Examples l and 2 containing equal amounts by weight of binder resins selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl acetate, and hydroxye- The poly(vinyl alcohol) of the coatings listed in Table III is Gelvatol -30 poly(vinyl alcohol) of Monsanto Company. The poly(vinyl acetate) is Gelva TS-30 poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion of Monsanto Company. The hydroxyethylated starch is Penford Gum 280 of Penick and Ford Ltd.

The data show that the electroconductive resin of Example l is excellent in solvent hold-out by itslef and when it is formulated with poly(vinyl alcohol). The

10 hold-out is slightly impaired by poly(vinyl acetate) and hydroxyethylated starch. The electroconductive resin of Example 2 is much inferior in solvent hold-out compared with the resin of Example 1. However, when it is formulated with poly(vinyl alcohol), it is equal in per- 15 formance to the resin of Example 1.

From the above examples, it is apparent that a class of electroconductive resins has been developed for the treatment of sheet materials to impart good electroconductive properties.

20 The materials of this invention can also be used with tion without departing from its scope.

What we claim is:

1. An electroconductive sheet material comprising a base sheet and an electroconductive quaternary ammomum resin having recurring units of the general forthylated starch, are prepared. Sollvent hold-out data mula:

on L u CH Cli L' C: 5 I f ;H CH \'A- Z 2 x-cu -ch-c1 ,-1\.\--.

\ OR I 2 r 2 I cu on, x X( wherein X is bromine or chlorine,

wherein A is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of TABLE III SOLVENT HOLD-OUT OF ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATINGS Penetration, 71

Add-on, lbs.

Coating on Weyerhauser per 3000 sq. ft.

Sizc Pressed Paper Stock Solution lsopar G Toluene Solution Resin Example l Resin Example 1. polyvinyl alcohol, :50

Resin Example 1, polyvinyl acetate 50:50 Resin Example 1, hydroxyethylated starch, 50:50

Resin Example 2 Resin Example 2. polyvinyl alcohol. 50:50

wherein the quaternary ammonium resin has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.05 in 2 percent aqueous sodium cloride at 25C., wherein the weight ratio of base sheet to electroconductive resin is in the range of 1:1 and 500:1 and the electroconductive resin is present at a coating on at least one surface of the base sheet in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 15 pounds per 3000 sq. ft. of base sheet.

2. The electroconductive sheet material of claim 1 wherein the coating of electroconductive resin comprises up to 50 weight percent of a poly(vinyl alcohol) which contains between 1 and 40 weight percent of residual vinyl acetate and has a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 500,000.

3. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 1 wherein the base sheet is a paper of cellulose fiber.

4. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of base sheet to electroconductive resin is in the range of 1:1 to 500:1.

5. An electroconductive sheet material comprising a base sheet and an electroconductive water soluble quaternary ammonium resin formed by the substantially equimolar reaction of a l.4-dihaloalkene2 and a di(- tertiary amine) containing from to parts by weight of poly(tertiary amine) per 100 parts of di(tertiary amine), wherein the 1,4-dihaloalkene-2 is selected from the group consisting of the 1,4-dibromo and 1.4- dichloro substitution products of butene-Z, pentene-Z, hexene-Z, 2'rnethyl-butene-2, 2-chlorobutene-2 and cyclopentene-Z, and wherein the di(tertiary amine) is selected from the group consisting of triethylenediamine and 1 ,3-bis(dimethylamino )-2- from the group consisting of N,N,N',N",N"- pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, N,N,N',N",N"- pentamethyl dihexylenetriamine, hexamethylenetetramine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol,

poly(N-methyl ethylenimine) and poly(N-hydroxyethyl ethylenimine).

9. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 5 wherein the weight ratio of base sheet to electroconductive resin is in the range of 1:1 to 500:].

10. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 5 wherein the electroconductive resin is present as a coating on at least one surface of the base sheet in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 15.0 pounds per 3000 square feet of base sheet.

11. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 10 further characterized in that the coating of electroconductive resin comprises up to 50 weight percent of a poly(vinyl alcohol) which contains between 1 and 40 weight percent of residual vinyl acetate and has a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 500,000. 

1. AN ELECTROCONDUCTIVE SHEET MATERIAL COMPRISING A BASE SHEET AND AN ELECTROCONDUCTIVE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM RESIN HAVING RECURRING UNITS OF THE GENERAL FORMULA:
 1. An electroconductive sheet material comprising a base sheet and an electroconductive quaternary ammonium resin having recurring units of the general formula:
 2. The electroconductive sheet material of claim 1 wherein the coating of electroconductive resin comprises up to 50 weight percent of a poly(vinyl alcohol) which contains between 1 and 40 weight percent of residual vinyl acetate and has a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 500,000.
 3. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 1 wherein the base sheet is a paper of cellulose fiber.
 4. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of base sheet to electroconductive resin is in the range of 1:1 to 500:1.
 5. An electroconductive sheet material comprising a base sheet and an electroconductive water soluble quaternary ammonium resin formed by the substantially equimolar reaction of a 1,4-dihaloalkene-2 and a di(tertiary amine) containing from 0 to 10 parts by weight of poly(tertiary amine) per 100 parts of di(tertiary amine), wherein the 1,4-dihaloalkene-2 is selected from the group consisting of the 1,4-dibromo and 1,4-dichloro substitution products of butene-2, pentene-2, hexene-2, 2-methyl-butene-2, 2-chlorobutene-2 and cyclopentene-2, and wherein the di(tertiary amine) is selected from the group consisting of triethylenediamine and 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropane.
 6. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 5 wherein the 1,4-dihaloalkene-2 is 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 and the di(tertiary amine) is triethylenediamine.
 7. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 5 wherein the 1,4-dihaloalkene-2 is 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 and the di(tertiary amine) is 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropane.
 8. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 5 wherein the poly(tertiary amine) is selected from the group consisting of N,N,N'',N'''',N''''-pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, N,N, N'',N'''',N''''-pentamethyl dihexylenetriamine, hexamethylenetetramine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, poly(N-methyl ethylenimine) and poly(N-hydroxyethyl ethylenimine).
 9. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 5 wherein the weight ratio of base sheet to electroconductive resin is in the range of 1:1 to 500:1.
 10. The electroconductive sheet material according to claim 5 wherein the electroconductive resin is present as a coating on at least one surface of the base sheet in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 15.0 pounds per 3000 square feet of base sheet.
 000. 